Cambodia’s social security landscape has undergone remarkable transformation over the past two decades, evolving from a country with minimal formal social protection to one actively building comprehensive coverage for its workforce. The National Social Security Fund (NSSF), established as the cornerstone of this system, represents a significant milestone in Cambodia’s journey toward providing essential social protection for its citizens. Historical Context and Development Cambodia’s modern social security system emerged from the ashes of decades of conflict and instability. Prior to the establishment of the NSSF, the country lacked a comprehensive social protection framework, leaving workers vulnerable to economic shocks, workplace injuries, and health emergencies. The development of social security mechanisms became a national priority as Cambodia transitioned toward a market economy and sought to protect its growing workforce. The National Social Security Fund was established with a clear mandate: “Provide the basic social security to persons working under the territory...