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  1. Understanding Universal Social Protection in Kenya

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    Universal social protection aims to provide a safety net that covers all individuals at every stage of life. This approach is critical because it acts as both a protective and a promotive mechanism. On one hand, it offers a cushion against shocks—such as illness, job loss, or old age—while on the other, it promotes investment in human capital by improving access to healthcare, education, and financial security. Alignment with Vision 2030 and the SDGs Kenya’s aspiration for universal social protection is firmly anchored in its long-term development agenda, Vision 2030, which aims to transform the country into a globally competitive and prosperous nation with a high quality of life. Within this vision, social protection is seen as essential for combating poverty and reducing socio-economic inequalities. This national ambition dovetails with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially: SDG 1: No Poverty – Seeks to eradicate extreme poverty for all...
  2. Belgium’s Pension Reform: A Crucial Policy for Economic Stability

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    Massive Pension Protests in Belgium: A Nation at a Crossroads Belgium is currently facing one of the largest national protests in recent years, as thousands of workers from various sectors took to the streets on January 13, 2025, in response to proposed pension reforms. The nationwide strike, which paralyzed essential services, highlighted widespread dissatisfaction and deep-rooted concerns over the financial future of pensioners. Extent and Impact of the Strike The strike affected multiple industries, causing significant disruption across Belgium: Transportation: Nearly half of all flights at Brussels Airport were canceled due to strikes by baggage handlers, security staff, and ground personnel. National train operator NMBS ran only a limited number of trains, while Brussels’ public transport system was heavily affected, bringing daily commutes to a halt. Education: Over 20,000 teachers participated in the protests, resulting in widespread school closures across the country. Public Services: Government offices, postal services, and even...
  3. The Social Security Fairness Act: Implications for Retirees and System Sustainability in the US and beyond

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    On January 5, 2025, President Joe Biden signed the Social Security Fairness Act, a landmark legislation that increases benefits for approximately 3 million public-sector retirees. While this change is beneficial for former government employees, it also exacerbates the financial strain on the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund, which was already projected to run out by 2033. With this new law in place, depletion is now expected six months sooner, necessitating urgent reforms to ensure the system’s sustainability.  The challenges faced by the SSA in the US are no different than what many social security administrations will be facing around the world. Key Changes Under the Social Security Fairness Act The law eliminates two longstanding provisions that previously reduced benefits for certain public-sector workers: Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) – Previously, this rule reduced Social Security benefits for workers who split their careers between jobs that withheld Social...
  4. The Architecture of Interact SSAS: Design Choices for Scalability and Efficiency in Portal-Based Applications

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    Introduction Figure 1 – Architecture In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, enterprise software applications must balance functionality, scalability, and ease of maintenance. Organizations are increasingly seeking web-based systems that can handle large numbers of users, integrate with various third-party services, and adapt to changing requirements without sacrificing performance or security. Among such systems is Interact SSAS, an enterprise social security administration system offering all its functionality through an online portal. What makes Interact SSAS particularly noteworthy is its thoughtfully constructed layered architecture, powered by a core set of open-source technologies. Each component within this stack is selected to serve a specific role—whether that involves security, user interface rendering, business logic, data management, or workflow automation. By weaving these technologies together, Interact SSAS provides a reliable, scalable, and efficient platform that can be customized for diverse enterprise environments. This blog post offers a deep dive into the rationale behind Interact SSAS’s...

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