Universal social protection aims to provide a safety net that covers all individuals at every stage of life. This approach is critical because it acts as both a protective and a promotive mechanism. On one hand, it offers a cushion against shocks—such as illness, job loss, or old age—while on the other, it promotes investment in human capital by improving access to healthcare, education, and financial security. Alignment with Vision 2030 and the SDGs Kenya’s aspiration for universal social protection is firmly anchored in its long-term development agenda, Vision 2030, which aims to transform the country into a globally competitive and prosperous nation with a high quality of life. Within this vision, social protection is seen as essential for combating poverty and reducing socio-economic inequalities. This national ambition dovetails with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially: SDG 1: No Poverty – Seeks to eradicate extreme poverty for all...